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TOXIC TORTS GLOSSARY |
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Glossary of Toxic
Torts Terms
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Incineration: The destruction of solid,
liquid, or gaseous wastes by controlled burning at high temperatures. Hazardous
organic compounds are converted to ash, carbon dioxide, and water. Burning
destroys organics, reduces the volume of waste, and vaporizes water and other
liquids the wastes may contain. The residue ash produced may contain some
hazardous material, such as non-combustible heavy metals, concentrated from the
original waste.
Incompatible Waste: A waste unsuitable for
mixing with another waste or material because it may react to form a hazard.
Indoor Air Pollution: Chemical, physical,
or biological contaminants in indoor air.
Indoor Air: Breathing air inside a
habitable structure, often highly polluted because of lack of exchange with
fresh oxygen from outdoors. Solvents, smoke, paints, furniture glues, carpet
padding, and other synthetic chemicals trapped inside contribute to an often
unhealthy environment.
Industrial Source Reduction: Practices
that reduce the amount of any hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant
entering any waste stream or otherwise released into the environment; also
reduces the threat to public health and the environment associated with such
releases. Term includes equipment or technology modifications, substitution of
raw materials, and improvements in housekeeping, maintenance, training or
inventory control.
Industrial Waste: Unwanted materials
produced in or eliminated from an industrial operation and categorized under a
variety of headings, such as liquid wastes, sludge, solid wastes, and hazardous
wastes.
Infectious Agent: Any organism, such as a
virus or bacterium, that is pathogenic and capable of being communicated by
invasion and multiplication in body tissues.
Infectious Waste: Hazardous waste with
infectious characteristics, including: contaminated animal waste; human blood
and blood products; isolation waste, pathological waste; and discarded sharps
(needles, scalpels or broken medical instruments.)
Ingestion: Type of exposure through the
mouth.
Inhalation: Type of exposure through the
lungs.
Interagency Collaboration: Interagency
collaboration is the process of coordinating the responsibilities of the
agencies involved at a hazardous waste site by addressing community concerns,
whether health issues or environmental quality concerns, surrounding a site.
Outcomes of interagency collaboration could include reduction of duplicative
efforts among agencies, improved coordination of risk communication and public
health messaging, and/or improving the ability of the agencies to address the
environmental health needs of the community.
Interrogatories: A set of written
questions to a party to a lawsuit asked by the opposing party as part of the
pre-trial discovery process. These questions must be answered, normally with
help from one's attorney, in writing under oath under penalty of perjury within
a specified period of time, such as 30 days.
Irreversible Effect: Effect characterized
by the inability of the body to partially or fully repair injury caused by a
toxic agent.
Irritant: A substance that can cause
irritation of the skin, eyes, or respiratory system. An irritant can cause an
acute effect from a single high-level exposure, or chronic effects from
repeated, low-level exposures. Some examples of irritants are chlorine, nitric
acid, and various pesticides.
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