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TOXIC TORTS GLOSSARY |
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Glossary of Toxic
Torts Terms
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D
E
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G
H
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- H -
Halogen: One of the chemical elements
chlorine, bromine, or iodine.
Hazard Evaluation: A component of risk
assessment that involves gathering and evaluating data on the types of health
injury or disease (e.g., cancer) that may be produced by a chemical and on the
conditions of exposure under which injury or disease is produced.
Hazardous Air Pollutants: Air pollutants
which are not covered by ambient air quality standards but which, as defined in
the Clean Air Act, may reasonably be expected to cause or contribute to
irreversible illness or death. Such pollutants include asbestos, beryllium,
mercury, benzene, coke oven emissions, radionuclides, and vinyl chloride.
Hazardous Chemical: An EPA designation for
any hazardous material requiring an MSDS under OSHA's Hazard Communication
Standard. Such substances are capable of producing fires and explosions or
adverse health effects like cancer and dermatitis. Hazardous chemicals are
distinct from hazardous waste.
Hazardous Substance: Any material that
poses a threat to human health or the environment. Typical hazardous substances
are toxic, corrosive, ignitable, explosive, or chemically reactive.
Hazardous Waste: A subset of solid wastes
that pose substantial or potential threats to public health or the environment
and meet any of the following criteria: it is specifically listed as a hazardous
waste by EPA; exhibits one or more of the characteristics of hazardous wastes
(ignitability, corrosiveness, reactivity, and/or toxicity); o is generated by
the treatment of hazardous waste; or is contained in a hazardous waste.
Health Advisory Level: A non-regulatory
health-based reference level of chemical traces in drinking water at which there
are no adverse health risks when ingested over various periods of time. Such
levels are established for one day, 10 days, long term and life-time exposure
periods. They contain a large margin of safety.
Herbicide: A pesticide designed to control
or kill plants, weeds, or grasses. Almost 70% of all pesticide used by farmers
and ranchers are herbicides. These chemicals have wide-ranging effects on
non-target species (other than those the pesticide is meant to control).
High-Density Polyethylene: A material used
to make plastic bottles and other products that produces toxic fumes when
burned.
High-Level Radioactive Waste (HLW): Waste
generated in core fuel of a nuclear reactor, found at nuclear reactors or by
nuclear fuel reprocessing; is a serious threat to anyone who comes near the
waste without shielding.
Household Hazardous Waste: Hazardous
products used and disposed of by residential as opposed to industrial consumers.
These are leftover household products that contain corrosive, toxic, ignitable,
or reactive ingredients. HHW includes paints, stains, varnishes, solvents,
pesticides, and other materials or products containing volatile chemicals that
may catch fire, react, or explode. Many communities offer no-cost recycling and
disposal options for individual households, and low-cost handling for small
businesses.
Household Waste (Domestic Waste): Solid
waste, composed of garbage and rubbish, which normally originated in a private
home or apartment house. Domestic waste may contain a significant amount of
toxic or hazardous waste.
Hydrogen Sulfide: Gas emitted during
organic decomposition. Also a byproduct of oil refining and burning. Smells like
rotten eggs and, in heavy concentration, can kill or cause illness.
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